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No. 105 

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON MILITARY 
SCIENCE AND TACTICS 

To the Board of Overseers of Harvard College : — 

The Committee on Military Science and Tactics has assumed 
that it is within the scope of its authority to visit and to report 
upon not only the courses on Military Science and Tactics and the 
military establishment conducted by Harvard University, but also 
the Naval course given by the University, the two Government 
schools conducted by the Navy in the buildings of the University, 
and the other War activities of the University. The Committee 
has held several meetings with the Professor of Military Science 
and Tactics, with the Instructors in the Naval course, and with the 
Commanders of the Cadet School of the First Naval District and 
of the United States Naval Radio School, respectively, and it has 
visited and inspected all of these several schools and organizations 
" in order to receive suggestions, inquire into defects and needs, 
hear complaints, and give encouragement and counsel," in accord- 
ance with the provisions of Section 29 of the Rules and By-Laws of 
the Board of Overseers. On November 26, 1917, with the Board, 
the Committee reviewed the Reserve Officers' Training Corps and 
the three Naval organizations on Soldiers Field. It has also con- 
sidered the other War activities of the University. 

This report is intended to record and to inform the Board of 
Overseers of perhaps the more obvious services rendered and being 
rendered by the University as its contribution toward the winning 
of the great War, and to bring to the attention of the Board certain 
recommendations and suggestions which the Committee deems 
fruitful; it does not and cannot attempt to record the countless 
daily War services and sacrifices of the University as an institution 
and of its officers, faculty, students and graduates as individuals. 

For many of the statistics contained in this report, the Com- 
mittee stands indebted to the Annual Report of the President of 
the University and the report of the special committee of the Board 
on Military Affairs. 

This report will, therefore, cover: — 
I. Army or Military Instruction, 
II. Naval Instruction, 

III. Other War Activities, and 

IV. Recommendations submitted by the Committee. 

423 



424 

I. Military Instruction 
(A) History of the Harvard R. 0. T. C. 

On January 10, 1916, a regiment was formed at Harvard under 
the command of Captain Constant Cordier, U.S.A., who was then 
on recruiting duty in Boston and who volunteered his services and 
was appointed Commandant and Instructor by the President of 
the University. Several Army non-commissioned officers were 
also later detailed as Assistant Instructors. This regiment was 
Harvard's first contribution in a strictly military way toward pre- 
paredness for War. The United States Government furnished the 
rifles, bayonets and belts for the regiment, but nothing more in the 
way of equipment, and the regiment had in a strict sense no 
Governmental connection. The total enrolment in this regiment 
amounted to about 1,000, and the regiment Reached a high state of 
efficiency. 

On June 3, 1916, an Act was passed by Congress authorizing the 
establishment in educational institutions of units of the Reserve 
Officers' Training Corps, having a prescribed course of four years, 
with a fixed weekly number of hours of instruction, and under an 
officer of the Army, active or retired, detailed as Professor of Mili- 
tary Science and Tactics; and the President was authorized to 
appoint in the Officers' Reserve Corps any graduate of such train- 
ing corps who had completed the prescribed training. 

Pursuant to the provisions of this Act and of General Order No. 
49 issued by the War Department, Harvard University established 
a Reserve Officers' Training Corps for the academic year 1916-17 
under the command of Captain Cordier, who was appointed Pro- 
fessor of Military Science, and a course of instruction and of drill 
was laid out to meet the requirements of the War Department. 
Later, the War Department detailed for this work two additional 
officers, Captain William S. Bowen and Captain James A. Shannon, 
and six non-commissioned officers. 

On February 3, 1917, the very day upon which the German 
Ambassador was given his passports, President Lowell, with 
admirable foresight, wrote to the French Ambassador to the 
United States asking him whether it would be possible to carry out 
a plan approved by General Wood, General Scott and Captain 
Cordier, to obtain some French officers to assist in the instruction 
of the Corps. On the advice of the Ambassador, the French 
Government detailed six officers, chosen from among the best men 
in the service, for this duty, and these officers arrived in April, 



■AY 12 «18 



425 

shortly after the United States had entered the great War. The 
Chief of the French Mission was Commandant (now Lieutenant 
Colonel) Paul Azan, and the others were Commandant Jean de 
Reviers de Mauny, Capitaines Adolphe Dupont and Marcel de 
Jarny, and Lieutenants Andre Morize and Jean Giraudoux. These 
were the first French officers to come to this country to give mili- 
tary instruction, and their coming was an event of the greatest 
significance, not only to the University, but to the country at 
large. All of these officers had been, since early in the War, in the 
active service of France, and were especially selected for their 
ability to teach. For their expert knowledge of the most modern 
arts of War, for their enthusiasm, loyalty, intelligence and affec- 
tionate devotion, Harvard University and the American people 
will always owe a debt of gratitude — to the officers themselves 
and to the Nation which so generously loaned them to us. 

Soon after this Country entered the War, on April 6, 1917, the 
University went on a War footing. Of the members of the 
R. 0. T. C, 284 were admitted to the first officers' training camps 
established by the Government in May at Plattsburgh and else- 
where, while many others joined the Naval Reserve, the Aviation 
and Signal Corps, and other branches of the Army and Navy. The 
remainder of the Harvard R. 0. T. C. finished their strictly aca- 
demic work and concentrated upon their military training, to 
which they devoted all of their time. This intensive work lasted 
from May 8, 1917, to August 15, 1917. 

To the R. O. T. C. were admitted not only students in the Uni- 
versity, but also graduates of this University and of other univer- 
sities, and others approved by the military commanders. The 
number of names on the roster from February to August was 1885, 
of which 1139 were those of Harvard students, 309 of Harvard 
graduates, 290 of men from other colleges, and 147 of men with no 
college affiliations. A particularly gratifying increase in the 
number came when some 100 members of the Yale R. O. T. C. late 
in June took their places as part of the Harvard Corps. After 
Commencement, the Freshman Halls were used as barracks, and 
the training included a three weeks' encampment at Barre, Mass. 
This training was conducted by the members of the French Mission 
and by Captains Cordier, Bowen and Shannon, and also for a 
short time by Captain Winfield S. Overton. To these intelligent 
and efficient officers of the Army the University also owes a debt 
of real gratitude. 



426 

After the completion of the training, 296 members of the Corps, 
being almost all of the men of the required age, were admitted to 
the second series of Government training camps; while 7 members, 
too young to go to the training camps, at the invitation of General 
Leonard Wood gave instruction to Army officers at Camp Funston, 
Kansas, on the methods of trench warfare learned from the French 
Mission. 

It had been hoped that the Government would commission 
graduates of the R. 0. T. C. without the requirement of attend- 
ance at further Government training camps. None of these men 
had been able to comply with the requirements of the Act of Con- 
gress and the orders of the War Department in respect to the 
number of years of work; but they had done a great deal more 
work and devoted more hours to it than were ever contemplated by 
the Act, and the training which they had received was found by 
experience to be fully equal to that given at the regular Officers' 
Training Camps, and in the knowledge of modern warfare, learned 
from the French Mission, probably far superior. However, for 
reasons which the War Department has considered for the good of 
the service, the Government has not seen fit to change the require- 
ments in this respect, and, unless the Act is amended, it will still 
be necessary for members of college R. 0. T. Cs., who have not 
been able to complete the full four years' course, to attend Govern- 
ment camps before they can obtain commissions in the Army. 

The instruction given by the French Mission had been so success- 
ful and had become so well known that, after the close of the first 
series of Government camps, 550 newly commissioned Reserve 
Officers, holding ranks from Lieutenant to Major, were detailed by 
the Government to receive additional instruction in modern war- 
fare from the French Mission at Harvard and the officers detailed 
by our Government. These men. were quartered in the Freshman 
Halls and became known as the "Iron Battalion" out of compli- 
ment to Colonel Azan whose division in France had borne that 
name. It is interesting to note that many French officers have 
now been brought to this country for the instruction of the Ameri- 
can Army, but of these the Harvard Mission will always stand as 
the pioneers. 

Before the opening of the academic year in September, 1917, the 
officers detailed by our Government had been withdrawn and most 
of the French officers had left the University for broader fields of 
usefulness to the Nation. The University was, however, so fortu- 
nate as to retain the services of Lieutenant Morize, and to have 



427 

Colonel Azan, who had been appointed to command the French 
officers giving instruction in the training camps in the northern 
part of the United States, stationed most of his time near enough 
to Cambridge to supervise the work of the R. O. T. C. At the 
beginning of the year, also, the Government detailed Major 
William F. Flynn, U.S.A., retired, in charge of the Harvard 
R. O. T. C, and he was appointed by the University Professor of 
Military Science and Tactics, and has served as such throughout 
the year with marked loyalty and fidelity. 

(B) Courses of Instruction, 1917-18 

The University has offered this year two courses in Military 
Science and Tactics, covering both theoretical instruction and 
drill: — 

No. 1. — An elementary half -course running throughout the 
year; and 

No. 2. — An advanced full course continuing throughout the 
year. 

The elementary course was open to physically fit Freshmen and 
other members of the University, and the advanced course was 
open to and could be counted for a degree by all who had completed 
Military Science and Tactics 1, as given by Harvard last year, or 
who had had equivalent training elsewhere. 

The University has also offered three new courses for the second 
half-year, — a course on Engineering at the Wentworth Institute 
of Boston; a course on Company Administration; and a course on 
Advanced Topography. 

It is in many respects unfortunate that these courses will not 
lead to commissions without further training at Government 
camps, especially since young officers of the quality and training 
possessed by members of the R. O. T. C. at Harvard and other 
colleges will be needed throughout this War in greater and greater 
numbers and with the least possible delay. It is also felt that it 
would greatly stimulate military instruction in colleges if officers 
of the United States Reserve could be appointed to assist the 
regular or retired officers appointed by the Government, or to act 
as instructors in such institutions as have been unable to obtain 
regular or retired officers. Many of these reserve officers, fresh 
from training camps, would be of the greatest possible assistance 
in instruction in modern warfare. The Act of Congress might well 
be amended in these respects. 



428 



(C) Drill, 1917-18 

During the present academic year, the Harvard R. 0. T. C. has 
continued its drill as well as its theoretical instruction. A regiment 
of 12 companies was reorganized. 

The members of Military Science 1 have drill two hours a week; 
the members of Military Science 2 drill with the members of the 
elementary course, and in a'ddition have had special drill by them- 
selves of two hours each week. The total enrolment in the 
R. O. T. C. of this year was 1193, of whom 991 took the course in 
full and 202 drilled with the regiment but did not take the full 
course. These were distributed as follows : 

1921 : 428 

1920 247 

1919 188 

1918 123 

Unclassified 45 

Special .* 2 

College total 1,033 

Graduate School 47 

School of Business Administration 12 

Law School 52 

Divinity School 3 

Dental School 28 

Architecture 9 

Outside graduates 9 

Total , 1,193 

Early in January, 1918, 51 men of the Corps went to the third 
Officers' Training Camp at Camp Upton, N. Y., and these were 
practically all of the members of the Corps of the requisite military 
age. It is interesting to note that the Dean of the College has 
reported that on January 18th there were left in Military Science 
and Tactics 2, 32 Seniors, of whom 17 were too young to be nomi- 
nated for the training camp, 5 were physically disqualified for 
Camp Upton, and 3 are preparing to enter some other form of 
National service, while 2 others complete the requirement for their 
degrees at the mid-year and will leave college then. 

There has been considerable difficulty in obtaining adequate 
drill during the winter time. After conferring with Major Flynn 
in November, the Committee endeavored to cooperate with him 
in obtaining the Commonwealth Armory in Boston as a drill hall, 



429 

but after one week's trial the attempt to drill in that armory was 
abandoned largely because of the matter of expense. Since then, 
drill has been conducted by companies in the baseball cage and in 
the Cambridge Municipal Drill Hall, but these have proved entirely 
inadequate, and some provision should certainly be made for 
proper drill facilities for the R. 0. T. C. during the winter months 
for future years if not for this winter. 

II. Naval Instruction 

There are three distinct Naval Schools now in existence under 
the general auspices of the University : — 

A. The Naval course given by the University for members of 
the Naval Reserve; 

B. The Government School for Ensigns known as The Cadet 
School, First Naval District; and 

C. The United States Naval Radio School. 

(A) The University's Naval Course 

For the academic year 1917-18, the University has arranged a 
required programme of four courses for men in the Naval Reserve 
on leave of absence at the University, to occupy their full time and 
to prepare them for the Ensign's examination. These courses are 
conducted at the Astronomical Laboratory on Jarvis Street. They 
include : 

Course 1. Mathematics. — A full course covering Plane Trigo- 
nometry, Solid Geometry, Spherical Trigonometry, and 
Analytic Geometry of two and three dimensions. 

Course 2. Navigation and Nautical Astronomy. — A full course 
covering the Theory and Use of Nautical Instruments, Pilot- 
ing, Dead Reckoning, Sailings, Nautical Astronomy, Theory 
and Practice in the use of the Sextant in the determination of 
the position of a ship at sea, and the Sumner Method and the 
Method of St. Hilaire. 

Course 3a. A half course on Marine Meteorology. 

Course 36. A half course on Naval Principles and Practice. 

Course 4. A full course on Seamanship, Ordnance and Gunnery, 
with Drill. 

These courses have been conducted by Professors of the Univer- 
sity and also by Lieutenant Edward Forbes Greene, U.S.N. , retired, 
who was appointed by the Government for this work. Lieutenant 
Greene had also conducted practical drills for the members of these 



430 

courses as part of the Course on Ordnance. The sudden death of 
Lieutenant Greene on December 18, 1917, was a real loss to Naval 
instruction at Harvard. His earnestness, keenness, energy and' 
knowledge of the intricate and difficult subjects which must be 
understood by a Naval Officer rendered his aid invaluable. Since 
his death, Ensign William Lambert Barnard, N.N.V., Harvard 
1899, an instructor in the Government School for Ensigns, was 
appointed temporarily to take Lieutenant Greene's place and to 
conduct the mid-year examinations. Lieutenant Commander 
Joseph C. Nowell, U.S.N.N.V., has recently been appointed in 
charge of this course. 

It is hoped that the Government will recognize the efficiency of 
the Naval courses being given by the University and if possible so 
arrange it that those who complete them satisfactorily will, on 
passing the Government examination, be commissioned as Ensigns 
without further study. No definite arrangement, however, has as 
yet been made in this respect. 

(B) The Government' 's Cadet School 

The Government has established at Harvard a Cadet School for 
the First Naval District. It is under the charge of Captain James 
P. Parker, N.N.V., a graduate of Harvard College of the Class of 
1896. The purpose of the School is to prepare for commissions as 
Ensigns those members of the Naval Reserve Force, Coast Guard, 
or National Naval Volunteers, who have the necessary basis of 
education and are deemed to possess the requisite personal quali- 
fications. The course is a four months' course. The first class of 
this School was held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
from June until October, and the second class, the first one at 
Harvard, commenced in October and ended in February. The 
third class commenced on February 18, 1918. It is expected that 
there will be successive four months' courses conducted at Harvard 
throughout the War. 

The candidates for this School are carefully selected by a Board 
at the Navy Yard in Boston, due consideration being given to 
professional knowledge, practical experience, general education, 
officer-like qualities, subordination and initiative. There are 150 
cadets in this School. The course of instruction at the School is 
almost identical with the course given to the Reserve Officers at 
Annapolis, with the exception of the course in Ordnance, which is 
handicapped by lack of equipment. 



431 

For the use of the School, the University turned over the follow- 
ing buildings and facilities: 

Holyoke House as a dormitory; part of 

Dane Hall as an office; 

Harvard 1 as a lecture room; and the 

Dining Room in Standish Hall as a Mess Hall. 

The dormitory and office have been furnished at the expense of the 
Government, which pays to the University the sum of $1.25 a day 
for the board and lodging of each member of the School. 

(C) United States Naval Radio School 

In May, 1917, the Government, through Captain William R. 
Rush, Commandant of the Charlestown Navy Yard, organized in 
the University buildings at Cambridge a school for instruction in 
radio work in order to supply not only the Navy, but also the 
Merchant Marine, with radio operators. At the present time, 
about nine out of every ten radio operators appointed by the 
Government are being trained at this School. The School on 
January 1st had a total personnel of 3296, of whom about 3,000 
were under instruction. By contract with the Government, the 
University is paid $1.25 per day for each member of the School. 
The University has assigned to the use of the School for class-rooms 
about four-fifths of Pierce Hall, and practically the whole of Austin 
Hall; Memorial Hall has been given over to the members of the 
School as a Mess Hall; sleeping quarters are provided in Perkins 
Hall, Walter Hastings Hall and the Hemenway Gymnasium. The 
University has also assigned as a Sick Bay the little building for- 
merly used as a Contagious Hospital, near Pierce Hall; and for 
recreation, the University has turned over to the School the 
Divinity Library. In addition, the Government has hired Craigie 
Hall and Winthrop Hall and is negotiating for Russell Hall and 
the land and buildings of the Palfrey Estate. A hut of the 
Y. M. C. A. has been erected on Holmes Field. 

To have a Government school of 3,000 men in Harvard in addi- 
tion to its own depleted numbers, is certainly an achievement for 
which the University may well feel considerable satisfaction. 

The Radio School is in command of Lieutenant Commander 
Nathaniel F. Ayer, U.S.N.R.F., a graduate of Harvard College in 
the Class of 1900. The course of instruction is seventeen weeks in 
length. A new course is started every Monday morning, and 
approximately 150 men are graduated on each Saturday morning. 



432 

The Committee has inspected several of the buildings used by 
the School, and particularly Pierce Hall. It is felt that the extra- 
ordinary growth of the School makes necessary the use of the entire 
building of Pierce Hall and that the few members of the University 
who are still using the Hall should be accommodated elsewhere. 

III. Othee War Activities 

The other War activities conducted by the University have been 
manifold in number and of widely different types. The range of 
these activities is indicated by a recital of the following. 

At the request of the Council of National Defence, the Graduate 
School of Business Administration established two courses of 
special training for those intending to enter the Quartermaster or 
Ordnance Corps; one course on Military Stores-keeping, and the 
other on Cost Inspection for War Contracts. In addition, a course 
on Supply, for prospective officers of the line, was offered to mem- 
bers of the Harvard R. 0. T. C. In these three courses were 
enrolled 145 men. 

The Medical School has given, at the request of the Surgeon 
General, courses in medicine for the Army and Navy and a course 
in orthopedic surgery for selected members of the Medical Corps. 
The medical personnel of four base hospital units has been com- 
posed almost wholly of members of the teaching force of the 
Harvard Medical School, or of its graduates; including the Har- 
vard Surgical Unit, which occupies Base Hospital 22 with the 
British Expeditionary Force in France under the command of Dr. 
Hugh Cabot, '94, M. '98; the unit of the Medical School formed 
in connection with the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital under the 
lead of Dr. Harvey Cushing, M. '95; and the units of the Massa- 
chusetts General Hospital and of the Boston City Hospital. 

Upon the request of the Government, the clinic of the Harvard 
Dental School with its 125 chairs has been utilized to give dental 
treatment to drafted men, and the Dental School also maintains 
two chairs at the Radio School and one at the Commonwealth Pier 
for members of the Naval Reserve. 

Under the auspices of the Summer School, a number of courses 
were given on subjects relating to the War; the Bussey Institution 
is the headquarters of the Botanical Raw Products Committee 
organized under the Council for National Defence; and the Psy- 
chological Laboratory has been engaged in devising and standardiz- 
ing tests for the selection of aviation volunteers. 



433 

At the request of the authorities of the Charlestown Navy Yard, 
members of the Department of German acted as translators of 
records and inscriptions on German steamers seized by the Gov- 
ernment ; while members of the French Department, at the request 
of the War Department, spent the summer months at West Point 
helping the cadets become proficient in French conversation. 

The American University Union, in Paris, has been established 
by the leading American colleges and technical schools to meet the 
needs of American college men and their friends in Europe. For 
the convenience of Harvard men, a Bureau has been established in 
this Union as the center for all information relating to Harvard 
men abroad. A most valuable War service is being rendered by 
the Union and by this Bureau. 

The records of Harvard men in War service are being kept sys- 
tematically and efficiently by the Harvard War Records Committee 
in the Harvard Union, under the direction of Frederick S. Mead, 
'87. On October 11, 1917, the Harvard Alumni Bulletin compiled 
the list of those in War Service as follows : 

United States Army 1,997 

United States Navy 713 

Foreign Armies 122 

Medical and Surgical Service 591 

Harvard R. O. T. C. and other military bodies 917 

Ambulance Service 420 

Red Cross and other relief work 229 

National, State, and other committee work 498 

Miscellaneous 125 

Total 5,612 

The number is now, of course, much larger. 

It may also not be out of place to report that on January 1, 1918, 
the Harvard Club of New York City, out of a total membership of 
4,919, old and young, resident and non-resident, had records of 870 
members in the American, Belgian, British and French Armies 
and in the American Navy, as well as 44 members engaged in Field 
Service of the Red Cross in Europe and of the Y. M. C. A., about 
one out of every five members, therefore, being in active service, 
while many hundreds more were helping and serving in other ways. 

The drain upon the members of the University has of course 
been great, as is shown by the President's report, the loss in stu- 
dents this year being about 2,000 from the numbers of last year, 
with a considerable loss in the teaching force. 

Thus, in countless ways have the University and its sons given 
to the service of the Nation. 



434 



IV. Recommendations 

So long as this World War shall continue, and until a satisfactory 
peace is achieved, the main object of the University must be to 
render every assistance possible to the Government in the prosecu- 
tion of the War, consistent with maintaining its functions as a 
University and preserving its usefulness for the period of recon- 
struction after the War and the future. The services already 
rendered by the University and its sons have been in all respects 
commendable. Under the leadership of President Lowell, the 
University has already offered to the Government every facility 
and has rendered services of which we may all feel proud. That 
the usefulness of the University in the future will be even greater 
than it has been in the past, seems clear. New calls will come from 
time to time and new opportunities be open. That these will be 
met in the spirit of the highest and broadest disinterested patriot- 
ism is assured, and the working out of the future service of the 
University may safely be left in the hands of President Lowell and 
those cooperating with him. This Committee commends most 
heartily the accomplishments of the past and urges a continuance 
and development of the service of the University to the Nation as 
the War progresses. 

With respect to specific recommendations, your Committee 
makes the following suggestions : 

1. That the efforts of the President of the University to secure an 
amendment of the National Defence Act of June 3, 1916, should, 
when the time seems ripe, be renewed, in behalf not only of Harvard, 
but also of all other colleges giving adequate military training, in the 
following particulars : 

(a) In order to permit of the assignment of reserve and other avail- 
able officers to instruction in the colleges, Section 45 of the Act 
should be amended by inserting at the end of the first sentence 
the words " provided that during the existing emergency, 
reserve and other officers, as well as regular officers, may be 
assigned to this duty irrespective of their periods of service "; 

(b) In order to provide for the commissioning in the United States 
Reserve of graduates of Reserve Officers' Training Corps at 
colleges without the necessity of repeating much of their work 
at Officers' Training Camps, Sections 49 and 50 of the Act should 
be amended to provide that during the existing emergency the 
amount of training to qualify students for commissions in the 
Army shall be reckoned in hours, and that eligibility for com- 
missions shall depend on the satisfactory completion of the 
hours of training required without regard to the number of 
years in which it is done. ■ 



435 

2. In order that the training of the Harvard R. 0. T. C. may be brought 
to a higher perfection, a Drill Hall should be provided for the winter 
training. 

3. Throughout the War, Harvard should continue summer camps for 
intensive training, open not only to Harvard men but as broadly as 
possible to all men properly qualified, particularly those too young 
to attend the Government camps. 

4. The Navy Department should be asked to commission as Ensigns, 
without the requirement of attendance at any further Government 
School, graduates of the Harvard Naval course, and of similar courses 
at other colleges, on their passing the examinations prescribed by 
the Government. 

5. The Committee feels that the suggestion of Captain James P. 
Parker of the Cadet School should be brought to the attention of 
the Government, to the effect that the several similar schools on the 
Atlantic Seaboard might well be consolidated into one school held at 
Harvard, thereby promoting efficiency and saving expense. 

6. The extraordinary growth of the Radio School requires that all of 
the available facilities needed by it be generously placed at its dis- 
posal, and your Committee feels that the Professors and other mem- 
bers of the University now using parts of Pierce Hall should be 
accommodated elsewhere, in order that the whole of that Hall may 
be not only used for the Radio School, but also under its sole com- 
mand. 

Respectfully submitted, 

LANGDON P. MARVIN, Chairman, 
LEONARD WOOD, 
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, 
ARTHUR WOODS, 
ELIOT WADSWORTH, 
SAMUEL D. PARKER, 
GEORGE BATY BLAKE, 
AMOS TUCK FRENCH, 
GEORGE C. SHATTUCK, 
ALEXANDER WHITESIDE, 

Committee on Military Science and Tactics. 
Februaky 25, 1918. 



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